Swarm Intelligence: Part II

Here's another article about swarm behavior, this time from National Geographic. This one goes into more detail on the various types of behavior exhibited by swarms, including honeybees, groups of fish, and caribou.

That's how swarm intelligence works: simple creatures following simple rules, each one acting on local information. No ant sees the big picture. No ant tells any other ant what to do. Some ant species may go about this with more sophistication than others. (Temnothorax albipennis, for example, can rate the quality of a potential nest site using multiple criteria.) But the bottom line, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Oxford and Princeton Universities, is that no leadership is required. "Even complex behavior may be coordinated by relatively simple interactions," he says.